Beautiful Chemistry

Okay, I need a moment to rant a little and reiterate what the purpose of my blog is. Chemistry is a beautiful science. Molecules, atoms, bonding-it is filled with all the lovely simplicities and complexities that give rise to our universe. I have just written about water and how crucial it is to life. Look at the immense diversity of life on this planet and realise that it is a simple molecule of two hydrogens and one oxygen that makes it possible. Even more amazing is my personal favourite molecule DNA. This simple, and I mean ridiculously simple especially when compared to the proteins that actually make up the human body, molecule is what encodes the amazing diversity that we see everyday. And yet this amazing and beautiful science is marred with fear-mongering and hate. 

I really can't stand this "chemical-free" culture that has arisen because it is a complete lie! Everything is a chemical. Life is chemical, water is chemical, the earth is chemical. Chemicals are diverse. Some are good, some are bad. Just like human beings. Some are nice, some are mean, some are okay on their own but terrible when they get together. Chemicals are not evil. Because chemicals are what makes up matter, you can't ever have anything that is chemical-free. It is blatant false advertising (can we get litigious about this?) and creates a culture of hate. The most damning chemicals in the world are nature-made poisons, a little strychnine anyone? Did you know that while asprin (acetyl salicylic acid) is man-made it is actually better for you than its natural counterpart, salicylic acid isolated from willow bark. This is because the acetyl group that chemists put on the the salicylic acid mitigates many of the harsh side effects that salicylic acid has. 

So what is the solution to help rail against those that would denigrate chemistry and chemicals? Well that is what I see the purpose of my blog as. Ask me your chemistry questions and I will answer them as non-technical as possible. I wish to spread the knowledge that I have gained in the 10 years that I have been studying chemistry and share it with the world to show the world there is nothing to be scared of and the chemistry is a big part of their lives, whether they know it or not. I encourage other scientists to do the same. We can't sit back and shake our heads, laughing or getting angry at the numerous people falling victim to this smear campaign. We need to take arms (metaphorically) and share our knowledge, making chemistry fun and interesting. Giving people the knowledge they need to combat the misinformation they are given on a daily basis. It is part of being an ethical scientist that we share what we learn, not just with other scientists, but with non-scientists as well.

Combat the fear-mongering with knowledge and education. chemical free nonsense 

What's in a Chemical? Would a Rose Made of Any Other Smell as Sweet?

Hello followers. I apologise for the long delay since my last entry; as many chemists will understand, I had an exam to prepare for. An exam which is the most important of the Ph.D. path. So I can now get back to entertaining your chemistry questions (please keep them coming). During my hiatus, I also took in a chemistry conference in Hawaii. It was there that the inspiration for today's blog comes from. Here is a picture of a packet of sunscreen. If you notice, it says that it is "chemical free". So what is in this sunscreen? Let's take a look at the back of it: Active ingredients are zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. Those sound like chemicals to me.


Chemistry is the study of matter; therefore, anything that has matter is a chemical. Matter is comprised of atoms. Anything with atoms is a chemical. I am sure you can now see where I am going with this. This sunscreen is a chemical. This makes this packet blatant false advertising. If it isn't matter, then what is it? Energy?


This to me highlights one of the many negative public images that chemistry has and that chemists like me try to fight against. Just because something is a chemical, doesn't make it evil or dangerous! This actually goes hand-in-hand with the idea that just because a chemical is natural it is better. This one always makes me scratch my head as the most toxic things on this earth are nature made not man made. We have yet to even come close. Some chemicals are dangerous. Some cause cancer. Others can cause burns. Some will kill you. But you use chemicals everyday, and some are great. Some fight cancer. Can you imagine life without medicines? Those are chemicals. Imagine life without PLASTIC. Hell, imagine life without matter. Without chemicals there wouldn't be life.


Also, be careful when using things that say "natural, chemical-free". Often what these products are made of are botanicals (chemcials from plants). These are still chemicals and it is very easy to develop allergies to these chemicals, especially if you already have a sensitive skin. (This comes from a personal anecdote and the advice of a doctor.) 


Let's talk about matter for a bit. As I said, matter is comprised of atoms (side note: the concept of the atom was proposed by Democritus of Abera around 300 B.C. long before John Dalton in 1803 A.D.) When we talk about elements, we are talking about a substance that is comprised of only a single type of atom. Copernicium is the newest element: symbol Cn, number 112.  When we take about molecules (I, for example, am a small molecule synthetic chemist) we are taking about compounds comprised of more than one atom type. Example: Hydrogen is an element; it is comprised of only one type of atom. Water is a molecule; it is made of hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms. Chemical changes or reactions refer to the conversion of one (or more) type of matter into another type of matter. For example: converting water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. Remember: matter cannot be created or destroyed, but merely change form.


I mentioned that I am a small molecule synthetic chemist. What this means is that my research is concerned with making small molecules. But what is meant by "small molecule" especially considering we are talking about atoms here. To measure molecules we talk about their atom/molecular weight and this is in the units grams per mole (g/mol). (The concept of the mole is a whole other entry so I will skip over that for now.) To get the molecular weight you simply add the atomic weights of all atoms in the molecule. Hydrogen is 1g/mol; oxygen is 16 g/mol; water, which has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atoms, is 18 g/mol. A "small molecule" is generally considered to be one under 700 g/mol. There is another type of molecule called "macromolecules". These are molecules whose molecular weight is well over 1000 g/mol. These are generally polymers. So things like DNA, proteins, and plastics are all macromolecules. You are one big, walking, talking collection of macromolecules!


Hopefully I have dispelled some previously negative views you had about what exactly chemicals are. Keep those chemistry questions coming friends!

References:

Petrucci, R. H.; Harwood, W. S.; Herring, F. G. General Chemistry 8th ed. 2002; Prentice Hall Inc. Upper Saddle River, N. J. 


Gray, T. The Elements 2009, Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, Inc. New York, N. Y.